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Lutetium

Lutetium, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity propertiesresearch, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure,ionization energyabundance on Earthconductivity and thermal properties are included. 

Lutetium is the last member of the rare earth series. Lutetium is available as metaland compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Unlike most rare earths it lacks a magnetic moment. It also has the smallest metallic radius of any rare earth. It is perhaps the least naturally abundant of the lanthanides. It is the ideal host for x-ray phosphors because it produces the densest known white material, lutetium tantalate (LuTaO4). It is utilized as a dopant in matching lattice parameters of certain substrate garnet crystals, such as indium-gallium-garnet (IGG) crystals due its lack of a magnetic moment. 


Lutetium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes.Nanoparticles and nanopowdersprovide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits. 

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such usesHigh Purity (99.999%) Lutetium Oxide (Lu2O3) Powder as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Lutetium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. 

Lutetium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Lutetium‘s shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f15 5d1 6s2. In its elemental form lutetium‘s CAS number is 7439-94-3. The lutetium atom has a radius of 171.8.pm and it‘s Van der Waals radius is unknown. Lutetium is not toxic. Lutetium is the last member of the rare earth series. Lutetium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Unlike most rare earths it lacks a magnetic moment. It also has the smallest metallic radius of any rare earth. It also has the smallest metallic radius of any rare earth. It is perhaps the least naturally abundant of the lanthanides. It is the ideal host for x-ray phosphors because it produces the densest known white material, lutetium tantalate (LuTaO4). It is utilized as a dopant in matching lattice parameters of certain substrate garnet crystals, such as indium-gallium-garnet (IGG) crystals due its lack of a magnetic moment.Lutetium is the last member of the rare earth series. Lutetium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Unlike most rare earths it lacks a magnetic moment. It also has the smallest metallic radius of any rare earth. 

High Purity (99.999%) Lutetium (Lu) Sputtering TargetAll elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and evaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopesOrgano-Metallic Lutetium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. 

The most common source of commercially produced Lutetium is the mineral monazite. Lutetium was first discovered by George Urbain in 1907. The name Lutetium originates from the Latin word Lutetia meaning Paris.

Lutetium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Lutetium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
Isotope Atomic Mass % Abundance on Earth
Lu-175 174.941 97.41
Lu-176 175.943 2.59


The following table shows the abundance of Lutetium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
  Typical Human Body Universe
by Weight no data 0.1 ppb
by Atom no data 0.001 ppb


Lutetium Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for Lutetium metalnanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Lutetium compounds have no biological role. 

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Lutetium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it‘s ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
1st Ionization Energy 523.52 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy 1341.16 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy 2022.29 kJ mol-1


Conductivity. As to Lutetium‘s electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ?C is 79 ?Ocm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1. The thermal conductivity of Lutetium is 16.4 W m-1 K-1. 

Thermal Properties of Lutetium. The melting point and boiling point for Lutetium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
Heat of Fusion 19.2 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization 428 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization 427.37 kJ mol-1


Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point Boiling Point Vanderwaals radius Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Lu 71 174.97 g.mol-1 1.2 9.7 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 1663 °C 3395 °C unknown unknown 522.7 kJ.mol-1