Nickel , including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure,ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Nickel belongs to the iron-cobalt group of metals. Nickel is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is extensively used for making stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It is highly electronically conductive and has many applications as a result. It is the basis of the nickel hydride battery. Most recently, its conductive properties have made it an ideal component for ceramic anode formulations used in oxygen generation and solid oxide fuel cell applications. Catalytic nickel is used to hydrogenate vegetable oils. Nickel additions to glass and ceramic glazes impart a bright green. It is also used in pigments for this purpose.
Nickel facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
Nickel Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of nickel and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
The following table shows the abundance of Nickel present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
Nickel Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for nickel metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Nickel compounds have significant biological role in chicks and rats, and in plant ureases. Nickel is also found in hydrogenases enzymes in bacteria. Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for nickel (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it‘s ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
Conductivity. As to nickel‘s electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ?C is 6.84 ?Ocm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.91. The thermal conductivity of nickel is 90.7 W m-1 K-1. Thermal Properties of Nickel. The melting point and boiling point for nickel are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
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Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point | Vanderwaals radius | Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
Ni | 28 | 58.71 g.mol-1 | 1.8 | 8.9 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 1453 °C | 2913 °C | 0.124 nm | 0.069 nm (+2) ; 0.06 nm (+3) | 735 kJ.mol-1 |