Arsenic , including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure,ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Arsenic has numerous applications as a semiconductor and other electronic applications as Indium arsenide, silicon arsenide and tin arsenide. Arsenic is finding increasing uses as a doping agent in solid-state devices such as transistors. Gallium arsenide is used as a laser material to convert electricity directly into coherent light. Arsenic is used in bronzing and for hardening and improving the sphericity of shot. Due to its toxicity, arsenic compounds are used in insecticides and wood preservation.Arsenic is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.

Arsenic facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes.Nanoparticles and nanopowdersprovide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Arsenic is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. 

Arsenic is a Block P, Group 15, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Arsenic‘s shells is 2, 8, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3. In its elemental form arsenic‘s CAS number is 1327-53-3. The arsenic atom has a radius of 124.5.pm and it‘s Van der Waals radius is 185.pm. Arsenic in the organic form is not harmful but in the inorganic form it is extremely toxic even in very small amounts. 

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%)for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets andevaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive)isotopes. Organo-Metallic Arsenic compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. 

Arsenic was first discovered by Early Man.

Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of arsenic and each of its naturally occurringisotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope	Atomic Mass	% Abundance on Earth
As-75	74.921596	100

The following table shows the abundance of Arsenic present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:

	Typical Human Body	Universe
by Weight	50 ppb	8 ppb
by Atom	4 ppb	0.1 ppb

Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for arsenic metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Arseniccompounds are a necessary ultratrace element in red algae, chickens, rats, goats, and pigs .

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for arsenic (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it‘s ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy	944.46 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy	1797.82 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy	2735.48 kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to arsenic‘s electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ?C is 33.3 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.18. The thermal conductivity of arsenic is 50 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for arsenic are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion	27.7 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization	31.9 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization	301.42 kJ mol-1