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Strontium

Strontium , including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity propertiesresearch, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure,ionization energyabundance on Earthconductivity and thermal properties are included. 

Strontium has low tech applications as an additive to flares and pyrotechnics because of the bright crimson flame produced by its salts. Strontium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It also has many high technology applications because of its high refractive index as a titanate in glass, as a "getter" in electron tubes and as a dopant for numerous perovskite formulations to produce cathodes for oxygen generation or solid oxide fuel cells. Historically the primary use of strontium was to produce CRT glass for color television and computer tubes. 

Strontium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits. 

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Strontium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. 

Strontium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Strontium‘s shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s2. In its elemental form strontium‘s CAS number is 7440-24-6. The strontium atom has a radius of 215.1.pm and it‘s Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The non-radioactive isotopes of Strontium are not toxic.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and evaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopesOrgano-Metallic Strontium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. 

Strontium was first discovered by A. Crawford in 1790. Strontium was named after the Scottish town it was discovered in, Strontian.

Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of strontium and each of its naturally occurringisotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
Isotope Atomic Mass % Abundance on Earth
Sr-84 83.913425 0.56
Sr-86 85.909262 9.86
Sr-87 86.908879 7.00
Sr-88 87.905614 82.58


The following table shows the abundance of Strontium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
  Typical Human Body Universe
by Weight 4600 ppb 40 ppb
by Atom 330 ppb 0.06 ppb


Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for strontium metalnanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Strontium compounds have no biological role. 

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for strontium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it‘s ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
1st Ionization Energy 549.48 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy 1064.25 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy 4138.29 kJ mol-1


Conductivity. As to strontium‘s electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ?C is 23 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 0.95. The thermal conductivity of strontium is 49 W m-1 K-1. 

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for strontium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
Heat of Fusion 9.16 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization 154.4 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization 164.4 kJ mol-1



 



Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point Boiling Point Vanderwaals radius Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Sr 38 87.62 g.mol -1 1.0 2.6 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 769 °C 1384 °C 200.pm 0.113 nm (+2) 549.48 kJ.mol-1