Rutherfordium , including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Rutherfordium is a synthetic and highly radioactive chemical element. There is no known application for Rutherfordium and very little is known about it.
Rutherfordium is a P-Block, Group 4, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Rutherfordium‘s shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 . In its elemental form Rutherfordium‘s CAS number is 53850-36-5.
Rutherfordium was first produced in small amounts in the early 1960’s in laboratories in the former Soviet Union (Dubna) and again in 1969 by an American group at Berkely (California).
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Rutherfordium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
|
Isotope
|
Atomic Mass
|
% Abundance on Earth
|
|
Rf-255
|
255.1015
|
-
|
|
Rf-256
|
256.1012
|
-
|
|
Rf-257
|
257.1032
|
-
|
|
Rf-258
|
258.1035
|
-
|
|
Rf-259
|
259.1056
|
-
|
|
Rf-260
|
260.1065
|
-
|
|
Rf-261
|
261.10869 (22)
|
-
|
|
Rf-262
|
262.1101
|
-
|
|
Rf-263
|
263.1125
|
-
|
The following table shows the abundance of Rutherfordium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
|
|
Typical Human Body
|
Universe
|
|
by Weight
|
-
|
-
|
|
by Atom
|
-
|
-
|
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Rutherfordium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it‘s ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
|
1st Ionization Energy
|
kJ mol-1
|
|
2nd Ionization Energy
|
kJ mol-1
|
|
3rd Ionization Energy
|
kJ mol-1
|
Conductivity. No data.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for Rutherfordium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
|
Heat of Fusion
|
No data.
|
|
Heat of Vaporization
|
No data.
|
|
Heat of Atomization
|
No data.
|
|
|
|
Formula
|
Atomic Number
|
Molecular Weight
|
Electronegativity (Pauling)
|
Density
|
Melting Point
|
Boiling Point
|
Vanderwaals radius
|
Ionic radius
|
Energy of first ionization
|
|
Rf
|
104
|
[ 261 ]
|
|
|
2100 °C
|
5500 °C
|
|
|
|
|
